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Wanting To Get Pregnant? Men, These Are Hidden Factors That Cause IVF Failure
Wanting To Get Pregnant? Men, These Are Hidden Factors That Cause IVF Failure
Pregnancy is a wonderful phase of life for a woman, and there are many ways to do it. For a couple who struggle with fertility and getting pregnant, IVF is a great way to fulfil their dream. IVF (in vitro fertilisation) is a fertility treatment where an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body in a laboratory dish. The resulting embryo is then transferred into the uterus to establish a pregnancy. IVF is often used when natural conception is difficult due to issues with fertility, blocked tubes, or other medical causes.
However, with every medical procedure, there are times when things do not go the way we may want them to. It is not always the case that an IVF procedure will work out. When an individual IVF cycle goes awry, the natural instinct is to focus on the female, whether it be her eggs, her uterus, her hormones, or her age. However, increasingly available scientific data indicate that male fertility problems are behind 49% of all cases of infertility. Unfortunately, it is not always that the male factor is assessed when women undergo this life-changing procedure.
We speak to Dr Pallavi Prasad, Fertility Specialist, Nova IVF Fertility, Basveshawaranagar, Bengaluru, to understand what is the factors, with regards to men, that one should consider during IVF.
Why “Normal" Semen Reports can be Misleading
Standard semen analysis evaluates sperm count, motility, and morphology. When these numbers fall within reference ranges, often the male partner is labelled “normal". Conception, however, is dependent upon so much more than how many sperm are swimming or what they look like. The most underappreciated variable of them all is sperm DNA integrity.
Sperms contain the seminal design for development in embryos. In cases where the DNA in sperms is fragmented or damaged, usually, development in an embryo may fail or result in an eventual miscarrying of the pregnancy. This phenomenon is known as sperm DNA fragmentation and is becoming more acknowledged as one of the key reasons for recurrent failures in IVF and ineffective implantation.
What Causes Sperm DNA Damage
Some of the lifestyle habits of the modern world continue to undermine the quality of the sperm. Stress causes the body to secrete more cortisol. Stress affects the body’s testosterone levels as it cannot be produced in the presence of cortisol. An excess amount of testosterone is reduced to estrogens in the fat cells of the body. Smoking, alcohol consumption, pollution, pesticides, exposure to the heat emitted from a laptop computer, tight-fitting clothes, and frequent hot baths are all causes of increased oxidative stress.
Medical conditions are also involved. Varicocele, in which the veins on one side of the testicle enlarge, causes increased temperature and oxidative damage to the scrotum. Medical conditions such as diabetes, infection, and untreated hormonal imbalance further impair the function of the sperm at the molecular level, notwithstanding the absence of any anomalies in the normal parameters.
The IVF Paradox: When Fertilisation Isn’t the Real Problem
IVF and ICSI are often thought to “overcome" male infertility. While they do overcome issues of motility and count, they cannot repair damaged DNA. In fact, ICSI may inadvertently select sperm that look normal but actually carry severe genetic defects. This is one reason why some couples have repeated cycles of good fertilisation with poor embryo quality, failed implantation, or early pregnancy loss.
Why Testing the Male Partner Early Changes Outcomes
Advanced testing, such as sperm DNA fragmentation assays, markers for oxidative stress, and detailed hormonal profiling, allows for the identification of problems that cannot be identified by routine semen analysis. Early identification of high DNA damage enables corrective measures such as antioxidant therapy, treatment for varicocele, optimisation of hormone levels, correction of lifestyle factors, or the use of surgically retrieved testicular sperm, which often show lower DNA fragmentation than ejaculated sperm.
It has now been demonstrated in several studies that the removal of sperm DNA fragmentation before IVF can significantly improve further embryo development into blastocysts, implantation rates, and outcomes of live births.
The male factor in infertility is no longer a footnote – it’s at the centre of IVF success. Overlooking sperm DNA health is like building a house with cracked bricks. True fertility care needs to assess both partners with symmetry and acumen. When the male factor behind the scenes is accounted for, many “unexplained" IVF failures finally make sense-and more importantly, become preventable.
Source: News18
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