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Why Vapes And Hookah May Be Just As Harmful To Fertility As Cigarettes
Why Vapes And Hookah May Be Just As Harmful To Fertility As Cigarettes
As awareness around the dangers of cigarette smoking grows, many people turn to alternatives like vapes and hookah believing they are making a safer choice. These products are often perceived as cleaner, more social, or less addictive – especially among younger adults and couples planning pregnancy. But when it comes to fertility, medical experts caution that this assumption may be misleading.
Emerging clinical evidence suggests that vaping and hookah smoking can quietly disrupt reproductive health in both men and women, affecting everything from hormone balance to embryo development.
“From a reproductive health perspective, both vapes and hookah put men and women at biological risk," says Dr Gunjan Kumari Bhagwat, Infertility Specialist & Laparoscopy Surgeon at Apollo Fertility, Ghaziabad. She explains that nicotine, present in many vaping liquids and hookah tobacco, plays a central role in fertility impairment.
“In men, nicotine decreases sperm count, affects motility, and increases abnormal sperm forms, lowering natural chances of conception," she notes. In women, she adds, nicotine can interfere with ovarian function, egg quality, and hormonal balance, potentially leading to irregular cycles or anovulation.
Contrary to popular belief, hookah use may expose the body to higher toxin levels than cigarettes. “Hookah smokers often inhale larger volumes of smoke over longer sessions, receiving more nicotine and toxic substances than a single cigarette," explains Dr Pooja Jain, Infertility and IVF Specialist at Apollo Fertility, Rohini.
She also highlights that many vape users are unaware of how much nicotine they are consuming. “High nicotine exposure can reduce testosterone in men and disrupt estrogen and progesterone balance in women, directly affecting conception," she says.
Beyond nicotine, these alternatives expose users to heated aerosols, flavouring agents, heavy metals, and chemicals like formaldehyde. According to Dr Bhagwat, these substances generate oxidative stress, which can damage sperm DNA and compromise egg health over time.
This concern is echoed by Dr N Sapna Lulla, Senior Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, who notes that increased sperm DNA fragmentation has been observed in men exposed to nicotine, even when sperm counts appear normal. “This can lead to poor embryo quality and failed implantations," she explains.
The risks become even more pronounced during fertility treatment. “Couples exposed to nicotine often show reduced success rates with IVF," says Dr Bhagwat, citing lower implantation rates and higher chances of early pregnancy loss.
Dr Lulla adds that such couples may require higher medication doses during IVF cycles and still experience embryos that fail to reach the blastocyst stage. “Nicotine exposure may also impair placental development, contributing to early miscarriages," she says.
A common misconception is that social or occasional use is safe. Dr Lulla cautions against this belief. “The reproductive system does not have a safe exposure limit," she explains. Since sperm take around 90 days to mature and eggs develop over months, even intermittent exposure during critical windows can affect fertility outcomes.
Dr Jain reinforces this point, especially for women planning pregnancy. “There is no measurable safe level of exposure to vaping or hookah when trying to conceive," she says.
For couples hoping to start or grow their families, eliminating exposure to vapes, hookah, and other smoking alternatives is a crucial step. Fertility depends on delicate biological processes that are highly sensitive to environmental toxins. Choosing to quit is not just about avoiding harm. It's about giving reproductive health the best possible chance to thrive.
Source: News18
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