World COPD Day: Why are children developing COPD early? Expert explains signs

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often thought of as an adult condition, but growing research shows that children, too, can be at risk.With rising pollution levels and poor Air Quality Index (AQI) in many cities, along with exposure to secondhand smoke and frequent early-life respiratory infections, young lungs are facing more challenges than ever. COPD is a progressive condition that restricts airflow and makes breathing difficult over time. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 392 million people worldwide live with COPD, and children who show asthma-like symptoms early in life may face a higher risk as they grow older. On World COPD Day, a paediatrician explains what parents need to know about how COPD affects children and tips to manage it.

COPD is a long-term lung disease that causes inflammation, narrowing, and gradual damage to the airways, making it difficult to breathe. While adults are most commonly affected, paediatric cases are becoming more visible due to increasing exposure to smoke, toxic fumes, and indoor pollutants. Children's lungs are still growing, which makes them more vulnerable to irritants that trigger inflammation.

Dr Akshay Mehta, Senior Consultant–Neonatology & Paediatrics at Motherhood Hospitals, tells Health Shots that repeated exposure to polluted air or respiratory infections can prevent a child's lungs from developing to their full capacity.

Although COPD develops gradually, several overlapping risk factors can trigger early lung damage.

WHO notes that early-life exposures can affect normal lung growth, thereby increasing the risk of COPD later in life. Experts like Dr Mehta warn that early symptoms should never be ignored, and diagnosis is usually confirmed through a spirometry test, although this test is still not easily accessible.

These symptoms may appear mild at first but worsen over time if untreated.

Children's lungs are sensitive, so even passive smoke can cause long-term damage. Make your home strictly smoke-free and encourage smokers in the family to smoke outside or, ideally, quit.

Keep windows open while cooking and avoid using wood, coal, or dung for fuel, as they release harmful smoke that children inhale daily.

Limit incense sticks, mosquito coils, strong cleaners, and air fresheners. These release fumes that irritate young lungs.

Let children play outdoors only when air quality levels are safe. On polluted days, plan indoor activities to protect their breathing.

Simple steps like regular handwashing, wearing masks during seasonal infections, and getting timely flu vaccinations can prevent respiratory illnesses that worsen COPD.

Inhalers, bronchodilators, or other medicines should be taken exactly as prescribed by the doctor. Avoid home remedies or self-medication, as they may worsen symptoms.

Children with breathing issues need periodic lung function assessments to track improvement and adjust treatment on time. Therefore, regular medical check-ups are essential.

Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.

Source: HindustanTimes
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