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What is happening in Balochistan? | Analysis
What is happening in Balochistan? | Analysis Premium
On January 30-31, the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) carried out coordinated attacks across at least nine districts of Balochistan, targeting police stations, military outposts and a high-security prison in Quetta, the provincial capital. In a video released online, BLA leader Bashir Zeb Baloch claimed responsibility for the attacks, describing them as the second phase of the ‘Herof' (Black Storm) operation. He called on Baloch men and women to leave their homes and join the “national liberation war” against the Pakistani military. The BLA claimed it killed 84 security personnel and kidnapped 18 others.
According to Pakistani authorities, the military launched operations against the militants across the province, killing at least 145 fighters. Soon after the attacks, Pakistan's Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi accused India of supporting “terrorists”. “India is behind these attacks. I can tell you for sure that India planned these attacks along with these terrorists,” Mr. Naqvi said, without offering any evidence. On February 1, India “categorically rejected” Pakistan's “baseless allegations”, calling them “usual tactics to deflect attention from its own internal failings,” according to a statement issued by the Ministry of External Affairs.
Balochistan, a long-standing flashpoint Pakistan, has witnessed a surge in violence in recent years, particularly after the Taliban, which was backed by the Pakistani military establishment, captured power in Kabul in August 2021. According to the Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies, Balochistan recorded at least 254 attacks in 2025, resulting in more than 400 deaths, a 26% rise from the previous year.
Balochistan, Pakistan's largest province, covers nearly 40% of the country's land area. Rich in mineral resources, it shares borders with Iran and Afghanistan, has an Arabian Sea coastline, and is home to nearly 15 million of Pakistan's 240 million people. Most of the country's mineral wealth — copper, scandium, lead, zinc, chromite, marble, granite and molybdenum — is concentrated in Balochistan, which also holds significant reserves of oil, gas, coal and gold.
The $60-billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, linking China's Xinjiang region to Pakistan's Gwadar port through roads, railways and pipelines, passes through Balochistan. In September 2025, US Strategic Metals, a Missouri-based mining firm, signed a $500m memorandum of understanding with Pakistan's Frontier Works Organisation, a military-aligned company, to extract minerals in Pakistan. But recurring violence in Balochistan continues to threaten the viability of large, long-term investments in the province.
Balochistan has witnessed several waves of rebellion since its annexation by the Pakistani state in 1948. The latest phase began in the early 2000s after the emergence of the BLA. Human rights organisations have accused Pakistan of using excessive force against Baloch nationalists and militants. Amnesty International reports that over 10,000 Balochis have disappeared in Pakistan since 2011.
Enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and military operations have deepened resentment among the Baloch population. Local leaders argue that the Pakistani government is exploiting the province's resources without addressing the development needs of the local population. Long-standing historical, political and economic grievances have fuelled the separatist movement. Following the Taliban takeover of Kabul, as security conditions deteriorated in Pakistan's border regions with the Pakistani Taliban stepping up attacks in the tribal areas, Baloch separatist groups also intensified their operations.
In March 2025, the BLA carried out one of their most daunting attacks when they hijacked the Jaffar Khan Express with more than 400 passengers onboard. Pakistani security forces launched Operation Green Bolan, rescuing more than 300 passengers and killing at least 33 fighters, according to an official account. March also witnessed largescale protests, called by the Baloch Yakjethi Committee, a Baloch rights movement, which was violently put down by state forces.
But despite Pakistan's resort to heavy force, Baloch militants have expanded their attacks in recent years. Since 2018, major factions, including the BLA and the Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF), have coordinated under the banner of the Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar, a united front that calls for a sovereign Balochistan. Militants have increasingly deployed suicide bombers (including women), carried out coordinated attacks and temporarily seized territory and key highways, directly challenging state authority.
The Pakistani state often responds with retaliatory force, but without breaking the cycle of violence. Islamabad has frequently blamed India for the Baloch insurgency. Following the Jaffar Khan express attack, Pakistan formally designated Baloch militant groups as ‘Fitna al-Hindustan'. India has consistently rejected any involvement. “Instead of parroting frivolous claims each time there is a violent incident, [Pakistan] would do better to focus on addressing long-standing demands of its people in the region,” India said on February 1. “Its record of suppression, brutality and violation of human rights is well known.”
Published - February 03, 2026 04:50 pm IST
Pakistan
Source: TheHindu
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