<h4 class=
Entertainment

Riteish Deshmukh on his relationship with paparazzi: I have never refused a pap pic till date because…Actor Riteish Deshmukh shares insights on his relationship with paparazzi, highlighting the effort they put into their work. Published on: May 09

<h4 class=
Sports

WFI issues show-cause notice to Vinesh Phogat, accuses her of multiple breaches; grappler barred from competingWFI declares Vinesh Phogat ineligible to compete till June 26. A show-cause notice has also been issued. Updated on: May 09, 2026 2:38 PM IST By Vishesh Roy Share via Copy link The

The image of a doctor has traditionally been a professional grounded in anatomy, pharmacology, pathology, and clinical skill. For decades
Education

The image of a doctor has traditionally been a professional grounded in anatomy, pharmacology, pathology, and clinical skill. For decades, this depth of knowledge has defined medical excellence. But healthcare in the 21st century is no longer a closed clinical ecosystem; it is shaped by artificial

Flood hazard assessments for Uttarakhand have routinely underestimated the danger to its towns and villages because they have leaned on long-term average
Science

Flood hazard assessments for Uttarakhand have routinely underestimated the danger to its towns and villages because they have leaned on long-term average rainfall figures rather than the extreme downpours that actually trigger disasters, according to a study in Current Science

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing () and Corp., on Friday, announced plans to establish a joint venture in Kumamoto, Japan, to develop and produce
Technology

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing () and Corp., on Friday, announced plans to establish a joint venture in Kumamoto, Japan, to develop and produce next-generation image sensors.According to a report by Focus Taiwan, the two companies signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding (MOU) to

Bharatiya Janata Party leader Suvendu Adhikari on Saturday took oath as the chief minister of West Bengal. He became the first BJP leader to hold the post
Politics

Bharatiya Janata Party leader Suvendu Adhikari on Saturday took oath as the chief minister of West Bengal. He became the first BJP leader to hold the post. Adhikari was sworn-in five days after the BJP defeated the Trinamool Congress in the Assembly elections

Delivering for your nation at a World Cup brings heightened pressure, and doing so at a home tournament takes the expectation up to a whole new level
Sports

Delivering for your nation at a World Cup brings heightened pressure, and doing so at a home tournament takes the expectation up to a whole new level. Red Roses prop Maud Muir did just that last September, winning a home Rugby World Cup with England in front of a record women's rugby crowd of 81

The Enforcement Directorate on Saturday conducted searches at five locations in Delhi, Gurugram and Chandigarh linked to Punjab Cabinet minister Sanjeev Arora
World

The Enforcement Directorate on Saturday conducted searches at five locations in Delhi, Gurugram and Chandigarh linked to Punjab Cabinet minister Sanjeev Arora and his company on suspicion of alleged money laundering, The Hindu reported. The searches were conducted at the office premises of Hampton

U.S.-China Rivalry Sparks a Submarine Arms Race

Posted By: Pawan George Posted On: Sep 09, 2025Share Article
China is on the verge of becoming a world-class submarine power, with new technology and a bigger, better fleet that is gaining on the U.S. and its allies—spurring a new undersea arms race in the Pacific. Rapid improvements are making Beijing's underwater navy quieter and faster, capable of carrying more advanced weapons and better sensors and able to remain submerged for longer.

China is on the verge of becoming a world-class submarine power, with new technology and a bigger, better fleet that is gaining on the U.S. and its allies—spurring a new undersea arms race in the Pacific.

Rapid improvements are making Beijing's underwater navy quieter and faster, capable of carrying more advanced weapons and better sensors and able to remain submerged for longer.

At the same time, Beijing's military has extended its reach deeper into the Pacific, confronting rivals in the South China Sea and performing blockade and invasion drills around Taiwan, where a conflict could demand a greater role for submarines than at any time since World War II.

That is pushing the U.S.—which stations about 60% of its worldwide submarine force in the Indo-Pacific—and its allies to bulk up their own underwater fleets.

“Pretty much every country that aspires to have a half-decent navy in the Indo-Pacific is building submarines, or acquiring submarines,” said Peter Jennings, a director at Strategic Analysis Australia and a former deputy secretary in Australia's defense department. “There's no doubt they are very useful.”

But the U.S. and its allies are facing stiff challenges in keeping up with China.

The U.S. is struggling to build new submarines. Facing production concerns, the Trump administration is reviewing the 2021 “Aukus” defense pact, an agreement intended to help deter Chinese aggression. Under the pact, Australia is meant to buy nuclear-powered submarines from the U.S. and work with the U.K. to build a new sub incorporating U.S. technology.

China until recently didn't present such a challenge. For years, Beijing focused on building a fleet of diesel-electric submarines that were sufficient for patrolling its backyard in the Western Pacific. China's first nuclear-powered submarine, which entered service in 1974, was a loud, slow vessel whose biggest threat was in exposing its crew to radiation.

After a half-century of slow progress, everything has changed.

“They could be on the cusp, for submarine operations, of a technological leap where they are able to quiet the submarines significantly and it becomes very hard to track them,” said Brent Sadler, a Navy veteran and senior research fellow with the Heritage Foundation.

China has made particular strides in the development of nuclear-powered submarines, whose greater speed, range and endurance give Beijing's navy greater reach.

New models in development include the Type 095, which analysts expect to have vertical launch tubes that can accommodate cruise missiles. “The 095 is going to be a very quiet sub,” said Christopher Carlson, a retired captain in the Navy Reserve and former Defense Department naval systems engineer who researches China's submarine program. “That's going to complicate matters greatly.”

China has also improved its newer conventionally powered submarines, the Yuan class, with “air-independent propulsion” technology that makes them quieter and allows them to wait longer to come up for air. And China showed off new underwater drones in a military parade in Beijing on Wednesday, including one that could function as a submarine and another that could be an autonomous torpedo.

However, the development of a relatively small Chinese attack sub that analysts say could combine elements of nuclear and conventional power appeared to have been slowed when a prototype sank at a shipyard last year.

Overall, the U.S. still has a technological edge over China, with subs that are quieter and more advanced, and more upgrades to its all-nuclear fleet in the works.

Newly built Virginia-class attack submarines will be outfitted with acoustic improvements that make them stealthier. They also will have a larger payload capacity that will make them more lethal.

“We are making historic investments in our undersea warfare capabilities,” said Cmdr. Rick Moore, a Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet spokesman. The fleet operates underwater drones, has fixed and deployable underwater sensors and is incorporating artificial-intelligence capabilities in its submarines and unmanned platforms, he said.

With technological developments comes new strategic thinking.

If Beijing chooses to invade Taiwan, the self-ruled island that China claims as its own, the Chinese navy would likely use its conventional submarines to defend coastal territory. China's newer nuclear attack subs, which are faster and equipped for longer journeys, would likely attempt to block U.S. forces from coming to Taiwan's aid.

If the U.S. chooses to intervene on Taiwan's behalf, the Navy could use its submarines to try to destroy China's ships and hunt its subs.

The U.S. could also try to keep Chinese ships bottled up in the Taiwan Strait to stop China from encircling Taiwan. U.S. submarines could launch missile attacks against Chinese land targets and try to cut off Chinese supplies by blocking shipping lanes to the south.

“Submarines are very valuable because they are a relatively light-footprint way to project significant power,” said Jennifer Kavanagh, a senior fellow and director of military analysis at the Defense Priorities think tank who believes the U.S. should reduce its forces in Asia but supports deploying submarines to Australia. “They don't require large numbers of U.S. personnel. They don't leave aircraft and surface ships vulnerable to Chinese missiles.”

A war at sea in Asia could draw in submarines from a host of countries, a prospect that supports the wish for U.S. partners to build up their fleets.

Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Australia, even France and the U.K., could be drawn into a wartime alliance against China, their submarines taking on roles ranging from direct combat to defending shipping lanes and preventing Chinese access to resources.

Singapore recently ordered two more German-built submarines. The Philippines, on the front line of a territorial dispute with China in the South China Sea, has said it hopes to buy submarines as part of a multibillion-dollar military buildup.

When it comes to building submarines, Beijing has an industrial edge. China has the world's largest commercial shipbuilding capacity, and already has the biggest surface fleet by number of ships.

It is also bulking up on conventional submarines, which are less costly and quicker to build than nuclear submarines. Despite their speed and endurance limitations, China knows “they need numbers, so they keep building a lot of them,” said Sadler.

President Trump has made building ships a priority, but limited capacity is a concern. The first of the ballistic-missile Columbia class U.S. submarines is expected to be delivered in 2029—approximately two years late. The U.S. plans a new class of ultra-advanced attack subs, called the SSN(X) for now, but it isn't expected to start building them until the early 2040s.

Maintenance backlogs can keep U.S. subs out of action for years. In the 2023 fiscal year, 16 U.S. attack submarines were at a depot or idle, meaning only 67% of the attack-sub fleet was operationally ready, according to a report from the Congressional Research Service.

The U.S. has been building 1.2 attack submarines a year, when 2.33 a year are needed to increase the force and replace submarines sold to Australia under the Aukus agreement, according to the Congressional Budget Office.

Such challenges make it harder for the U.S. and its partners to push back against China.

“If we can produce the attack submarines in sufficient number and sufficient speed, then great,” Elbridge Colby, Trump's undersecretary of defense for policy, told a Senate committee in March when asked about Aukus. “But if we can't, that becomes a very difficult problem.”

Write to Mike Cherney at mike.cherney@wsj.com, Austin Ramzy at austin.ramzy@wsj.com, Alistair MacDonald at Alistair.Macdonald@wsj.com, Daniel Kiss at daniel.kiss@wsj.com and Roque Ruiz at roque.ruizgonzalez@wsj.com

Get 360° coverage—from daily headlines
to 100 year archives.

Comment on Post

Leave a comment

If you have a News Orbit 360 user account, your address will be used to display your profile picture.


<h4 class=
Latest News
IIT Kharagpur students make mango pickle using storm-fallen raw mangoes

IIT Kharagpur students make mango pickle using storm-fallen raw mangoes, internet says ‘sarv gun sampann’An IIT Kharagpur student showed how fallen raw mangoes were turned into pickle inside a hostel. Published on: May 09, 2026 4:19 PM IST By Mahipal Singh Chouhan Share via Copy link A student

3 hours ago

A now-viral post on Reddit has triggered a debate on why more men seemingly want marriage and children, while more women are increasingly choosing to remain
Latest News
Men Want Kids And Women Do Not

A now-viral post on Reddit has triggered a debate on why more men seemingly want marriage and children, while more women are increasingly choosing to remain childfree. The post, originally shared on the Reddit community r/childfree, quickly spread across social media platforms and drew thousands of

3 hours ago

<b>University of Surrey GREAT Scholarships India</b> Offered by the University of Surrey, the U.K., in partnership with the British Council under
Education
May 9, 2026

University of Surrey GREAT Scholarships India Offered by the University of Surrey, the U.K., in partnership with the British Council under the GREAT Britain Campaign. Eligibility: Indian citizens with a valid passport who have an unconditional offer to pursue a full-time postgraduate course from

3 hours ago

<h4 class=
World
Who is Suzy Lamb

Who is Suzy Lamb? Joni Lamb's daughter-in-law opens up about anger, loss after her death: 'I really hate...'Joni Lamb's passing brings attention to her family, particularly son Jonathan and wife Suzy, who have a complex relationship with Daystar TV. Updated on: May 09

3 hours ago

The sky’s blue is due to Rayleigh scattering — when molecules in the air scatter light of shorter wavelength (bluer) much more efficiently than that of
Science
On hotter days

The sky’s blue is due to Rayleigh scattering — when molecules in the air scatter light of shorter wavelength (bluer) much more efficiently than that of longer ones. On hotter days, however, there can be other things in the air and which can affect how light is scattered

3 hours ago

A cyber attack hit several universities and schools in the US, Canada and Australia, causing chaos, confusion and major disruptions amid the high stakes
Business
International cyber attack disrupts swathe of universities and schools

A cyber attack hit several universities and schools in the US, Canada and Australia, causing chaos, confusion and major disruptions amid the high stakes end-of-year season. The hacking group ShinyHunters claimed responsibility for the attack

3 hours ago

Senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Nisith Pramanik on Saturday took oath as a cabinet minister in the new West Bengal government to be helmed by chief
Politics
Who Is Cooch Behar Strongman Nisith Pramanik

Senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Nisith Pramanik on Saturday took oath as a cabinet minister in the new West Bengal government to be helmed by chief minister Suvendu Adhikari, days after the saffron party stormed to power in the state. Pramanik

3 hours ago

Hantavirus infections have come under renewed global scrutiny following a recent outbreak aboard the Dutch-flagged cruise ship MV Hondius
Life Style
What Is The Treatment Of Hantavirus

Hantavirus infections have come under renewed global scrutiny following a recent outbreak aboard the Dutch-flagged cruise ship MV Hondius, which was travelling across the southern Atlantic with multiple port stops. As of Friday, Health authorities have reported confirmed and suspected cases among

3 hours ago

Vladimir Putin has used his annual Victory Day speech in Moscow's Red Square to justify his war in Ukraine and denounce Nato. Speaking in front of hundreds of
Latest News
Putin denounces Nato at scaled back Victory Day parade

Vladimir Putin has used his annual Victory Day speech in Moscow's Red Square to justify his war in Ukraine and denounce Nato. Speaking in front of hundreds of military personnel and flanked by a few world leaders, the Russian president said he was fighting a "just" war and called Ukraine an

3 hours ago

The U.S. announced Project Freedom on May 4 to end the Iranian blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. It was suspended the next day even as merchant ships and U.S
World
Why U.S. Project Freedom couldn’t secure free navigation in Strait of Hormuz

The U.S. announced Project Freedom on May 4 to end the Iranian blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. It was suspended the next day even as merchant ships and U.S. Navy craft came under attack. Though U.S. President Donald Trump cited progress in negotiations with Iran as the reason for calling off the

3 hours ago

The United States said on Friday (May 9, 2026) it was organising an evacuation flight for Americans on a hantavirus-struck cruise ship that has sailed to the
World
U.S. plans evacuation flight for Americans on hantavirus ship

The United States said on Friday (May 9, 2026) it was organising an evacuation flight for Americans on a hantavirus-struck cruise ship that has sailed to the Canary Islands, which are part of Spain. “The Department of State is arranging a repatriation flight to support the safe return of American

3 hours ago

<h4 class=
Business
Samsung launches fifth edition of Solve for Tomorrow

Samsung launches fifth edition of Solve for Tomorrow, raises winning grants to ₹2 croreLaunching Solve for Tomorrow 2026, Samsung increases grants to ₹2 crore for youth innovation in tech solutions. Updated on: May 09, 2026 12:59 PM IST By Aditi Anand Share via Copy link Samsung has launched

3 hours ago

Indian Grandmaster Abhijeet Gupta has approached the Sports Ministry seeking intervention over alleged non-payment of prize money from the organisers of the
Sports
India Grandmaster Approaches Sports Ministry

Indian Grandmaster Abhijeet Gupta has approached the Sports Ministry seeking intervention over alleged non-payment of prize money from the organisers of the Odisha Open 2026. Gupta says he was assured the winnings would be released within a month of his victory in January this year

3 hours ago

Indian cricketers Yashasvi Jaiswal and Shafali Verma have received notices from the National Anti-Doping Agency. This follows their failure to be available for
Sports
Indian cricketers Yashasvi Jaiswal

Indian cricketers Yashasvi Jaiswal and Shafali Verma have received notices from the National Anti-Doping Agency. This follows their failure to be available for scheduled dope tests last year. Both players are part of NADA's Registered Testing Pool

3 hours ago

Editorial independence is core to our work. Some links may earn us a commission, without influencing our opinions.<h4 class=
Life Style
These stunning kurta pant sets are now up to 80% off

Editorial independence is core to our work. Some links may earn us a commission, without influencing our opinions.These stunning kurta pant sets are now up to 80% off: Picksfrom top brands for womenAmazon Great Summer Sale 2026 brings up to 80% off on stylish kurta pant sets

3 hours ago

Editorial independence is core to our work. Some links may earn us a commission, without influencing our opinions.<h4 class=
Technology
Running out of space

Editorial independence is core to our work. Some links may earn us a commission, without influencing our opinions.Still using a single-door fridge? These side-by-side refrigerators may fix summer storage problemsRunning out of fridge space this summer? These side-by-side refrigerators offer

3 hours ago

Thalapathy Vijay’s bodyguard, Aroon Suresh, recently took to the stories section of his Instagram handle and penned down a positive cryptic note
Entertainment
Vijay's Bodyguard Pens Cryptic Note Ahead Of TVK Chief's Oath Taking

Thalapathy Vijay’s bodyguard, Aroon Suresh, recently took to the stories section of his Instagram handle and penned down a positive cryptic note. Though Suresh did not mention TVK Chief’s name, he shared a message that read, “Beautiful outcomes come after hard battles

3 hours ago

<h4 class=
World
US flight hits pedestrian on runway

Frontier Airlines flight hits pedestrian on runway, leads to engine fire: What we knowThe Frontier Airlines flight, an Airbus A321, was carrying 224 passengers and seven crew members at the time of the incident. Updated on: May 09, 2026 4:59 PM IST Written by Majid Alam Share via Copy link A flight

3 hours ago

For the longest time, global gourmet culture carried a certain predictability. Luxury was associated with imported cheeses, European techniques
Life Style
Desi Was Always Gourmet

For the longest time, global gourmet culture carried a certain predictability. Luxury was associated with imported cheeses, European techniques, exotic berries flown across continents, and ingredients that sounded sophisticated simply because they were foreign. Meanwhile, some of the most layered

3 hours ago

National Commission for Women Chairperson Vijaya Rahatkar on Friday said that the panel will recommend to the Union government a complete ban on parole for
World
Women’s commission to seek ban on parole for those convicted of rape

National Commission for Women Chairperson Vijaya Rahatkar on Friday said that the panel will recommend to the Union government a complete ban on parole for those convicted in cases of rape, aggravated sexual assault and other serious offences against women and children, PTI reported

3 hours ago

Newly sworn-in West Bengal Chief Minister Suvendu Adhikari held a crucial meeting with top officials. He reviewed the state's law and order situation
Politics
Suvendu Adhikari reviews law and order

Newly sworn-in West Bengal Chief Minister Suvendu Adhikari held a crucial meeting with top officials. He reviewed the state's law and order situation. Discussions also covered the smooth continuation of schemes from the previous government. Progress on Writers' Buildings renovation was also a key

3 hours ago

After almost eight months away from competition, Neeraj Chopra is finally inching closer to a return — but not before completely rebuilding his body first
Sports
When Will Neeraj Chopra Return To Action

After almost eight months away from competition, Neeraj Chopra is finally inching closer to a return — but not before completely rebuilding his body first. The 28-year-old from Panipat hasn’t competed since finishing eighth at the 2025 World Athletics Championships in Tokyo last September

3 hours ago

<h4 class=
Latest News
NPF farmers' wing to undertake statewide inquiry tour across Nagaland

NPF farmers' wing to undertake statewide inquiry tour across NagalandNPF farmers' wing to undertake statewide inquiry tour across Nagaland Published on: May 09, 2026 5:30 PM IST PTI Share via Copy link Kohima, The ruling Naga People's Front's farmers' wing on Saturday announced a statewide tour to

3 hours ago

Editorial independence is core to our work. Some links may earn us a commission, without influencing our opinions.<h4 class=
Technology
Need a fitness smartwatch without overspending

Editorial independence is core to our work. Some links may earn us a commission, without influencing our opinions.Need a fitness smartwatch without overspending? Best picks under ₹5000 you should considerFrom AMOLED displays to Bluetooth calling and fitness tracking, these smartwatches under ₹5

3 hours ago

A now-viral post alleging misconduct by an Uber parcel delivery driver has sparked outrage online, with several users raising concerns about the safety and
Latest News
Uber Parcel Driver Allegedly Marks Delivery As Failed

A now-viral post alleging misconduct by an Uber parcel delivery driver has sparked outrage online, with several users raising concerns about the safety and reliability of app-based parcel services in India. The post shared on X by user Yusuf DFI claimed that one of his staff members had booked an

3 hours ago

<h4 class=
Latest News
Indian man in Singapore warns of ‘comfort trap’ after 7 years abroad

Indian man in Singapore warns of ‘comfort trap’ after 7 years abroad: ‘Don’t let your lifestyle become your cage’An Indian man in Singapore said expats stayed longer abroad after getting addicted to comfort and efficiency. Published on: May 09

3 hours ago

Have you ever noticed how sometimes a simple look or a shared smile with your partner can make you feel instantly closer? It’s easy to think that intimacy is
Life Style
Everyday Habits That Can Help Strengthen Your Relationship And Intimacy

Have you ever noticed how sometimes a simple look or a shared smile with your partner can make you feel instantly closer? It’s easy to think that intimacy is all about what happens in the moment, but in reality, it’s often shaped by the small, everyday choices we make. The way we move, eat

3 hours ago


Sing Up