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The Supreme Court on Friday (August 22, 2025) modified its earlier suo motu directive requiring civic authorities in Delhi and four adjoining districts to capture all stray dogs and confine them in shelters within six to eight weeks. Terming its August 11, 2025, order “too harsh”, the court directed that the animals be released into the localities from which they were captured, after undergoing sterilisation, deworming, and immunisation.

Posted By: Jaydatt Chaudhary Posted On: Aug 30, 2025Share Article
The Supreme Court on Friday (August 22, 2025) modified its earlier suo motu directive requiring civic authorities in Delhi and four adjoining districts to capture all stray dogs and confine them in shelters within six to eight weeks. Terming its August 11, 2025, order “too harsh”, the court directed that the animals be released into the localities from which they were captured, after undergoing sterilisation, deworming, and immunisation.

Supreme Court modifies ‘harsh’ order, allows release of strays from Delhi shelters

The Supreme Court on Friday (August 22, 2025) modified its earlier suo motu directive requiring civic authorities in Delhi and four adjoining districts to capture all stray dogs and confine them in shelters within six to eight weeks. Terming its August 11, 2025, order “too harsh”, the court directed that the animals be released into the localities from which they were captured, after undergoing sterilisation, deworming, and immunisation.

A three-judge Bench comprising Justices Vikram Nath, Sandeep Mehta, and N.V. Anjaria noted that while the earlier mandate intended to protect citizens from attacks by “aggressive and rabid” canines, an absolute prohibition on their release would run contrary to Rule 11(19) of the Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules, 2023, framed under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.

“The directions to the extent that they prohibit the release of the picked up strays, shall be kept in abeyance for the time being. The dogs that are picked up shall be sterilised, dewormed, vaccinated, and released back to the same area from which they were picked up”, the Bench ordered.

However, the court clarified that this would not apply to dogs infected or suspected to be infected with rabies, or those displaying aggressive behaviour. “Such dogs shall be sterilised and immunised, but under no circumstances should they be released back on the streets. As far as possible, they shall be housed in separate pounds or shelters after sterilisation and immunisation,” the Bench said, describing its approach as a “balancing exercise.”

Supreme Court hearing on stray dogs capture in Delhi - Updates

The court also directed municipal authorities to set up dedicated feeding zones in every ward to ensure that no inconvenience is caused due to the feeding of strays in public spaces. It noted that the measure was necessitated by reports of “untoward incidents” caused by unregulated feeding, which had created “great difficulties for the common man walking on the streets.”

“The feeding areas shall be created keeping in view the population and concentration of stray dogs in the particular municipal ward. Gantries/notice boards shall be placed near such designated feeding areas, mentioning that stray dogs shall only be fed in such areas. Under no condition shall the feeding of stray dogs on the streets be permitted. The persons found feeding the dogs on the streets in contravention of the above directions shall be liable to be proceeded against under the relevant legal framework,” the court said.

The Bench further directed civic bodies to establish a dedicated helpline for reporting violations, adding that on receipt of such complaints, “appropriate measures shall be taken against the individuals/NGOs concerned.” It also made it clear that anyone obstructing a public servant acting in compliance with the directions would face punitive action.

However, Justice Nath permitted animal lovers desirous of adopting canines to apply to the concerned municipal body, but underscored that the responsibility would rest on the adopter to ensure that the dogs do not return to the streets.

Notably, the court expanded the ambit of the proceedings beyond the Delhi–National Capital Region (NCR), directing that the matter be treated as a pan-India issue to facilitate the framing of a uniform national policy. It accordingly ordered the impleadment of the Secretaries of the relevant departments of all States and Union Territories in the proceedings.

The Bench also said it would transfer to itself similar petitions pending before various High Courts to prevent multiplicity of proceedings.

In addition, individual petitioners and NGOs were directed to deposit ₹25,000 and ₹2 lakh, respectively, with the Supreme Court Registry within seven days, failing which they would be barred from further participation. “The amounts so deposited shall be utilised in the creation of the infrastructure and facilities for the stray dogs under the aegis of the respective municipal bodies,” the court said.

​Dogs and laws: On street dogs and the Aug. 11 Supreme Court order

The suo motu case, initially heard by a Bench led by Justice J.B. Pardiwala, was later reassigned by Chief Justice of India (CJI) B.R. Gavai to a three-judge Bench headed by Justice Vikram Nath. The reassignment followed an oral mentioning on August 13, 2025, by a lawyer who apprised the CJI of a May 9, 2024, order mandating compassionate treatment of stray canines. In a rare administrative step, the CJI withdrew the case from Justice Pardiwala's Bench and reassigned it to the three-judge Bench led by Justice Nath.

During the proceedings, Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, appearing for the Union Government, had submitted that most fatalities from dog bites and rabies involved children and urged the court to devise an immediate solution to what he termed an escalating public health crisis.

Senior advocate Kapil Sibal, appearing for an NGO that looks after dogs, had pressed for a stay on some of the directives in the August 11, 2025, order, on the ground that they contravened the ABC Rules, which prohibit the relocation of strays from their original habitats.

In its August 11, 2025, order, Justices J.B. Pardiwala and K. Mahadevan had directed the Municipal Corporation of Delhi and other civic authorities to round up all stray dogs within eight weeks and confine them in shelters, with no re-release onto the streets. The authorities had also been instructed to establish shelters with the capacity to house at least 5,000 dogs within the same period.

The Division Bench had also noted that Delhi recorded 25,201 dog-bite cases in 2024 and said its directions were being issued in the larger public interest. At the same time, it directed authorities to ensure that dogs in shelters were neither mistreated nor deprived of food, and that vulnerable animals were housed separately with access to veterinary care.

The sweeping directives, however, provoked strong opposition from animal rights activists, welfare organisations, and public figures, who stressed that the region lacked the infrastructure to accommodate an estimated eight lakh stray dogs. They cautioned that the large-scale capture of so many canines would result in logistical chaos and possible acts of cruelty.

Published - August 22, 2025 01:18 pm IST

Supreme Court / judiciary (system of justice) / animal / Delhi

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