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Screening For Cancer Helps To Prevent It: These Are Tests You Shouldn’t Ignore

Screening For Cancer Helps To Prevent It: These Are Tests You Shouldn’t Ignore
Timely screening is paramount in the fight against cancer, as it allows for detection at the early, more treatable stage. Most cancers are treatable, but mainly because screenings were either delayed, not accessible or not recommended, the disease progression becomes irreversible in some cases.
Many cancers, such as breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, can be treated more effectively when caught early, and routine screening is recommended for these cancers. For other cancers, such as lung cancer, prostate cancer, etc., it is subject to the clinical signs and risk factors. Therefore, clear and age-specific screening pathways that are supported by safe and practical diagnostic solutions are highly necessary.
However, cancer screening is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Family history, lifestyle and environmental factors all influence cancer risk. Those at higher risk should begin screenings earlier or opt for more frequent tests. With rising awareness and better access to diagnostics, preventive screening is becoming an essential part of routine healthcare.
Dr Richu Sharma, Consultant Medical Oncologist at Ujala Cygnus JK Medicity, Jammu, shares a guide to essential cancer screening tests and when they should be taken.
Breast Cancer
Who should screen: Women aged 40 and above; earlier for those with a family history of breast cancer or genetic mutation carrier
Screening tests:
Cervical Cancer
Who should screen: Sexually active women aged 25–65 should take it every 3–5 years, depending on the test
Screening tests:
Colorectal Cancer
Who should screen: Adults aged 45 and above; earlier for those with family history
Screening tests:
Prostate Cancer
Who should screen: Men aged 50 and above; earlier for high-risk groups
Screening tests:
Lung Cancer
Who should screen: Long-term smokers or former smokers aged 50–80
Screening tests:
Oral Cancer
Who should screen: Tobacco users, smokers, alcohol consumers
Screening tests:
Liver Cancer (High-Risk Groups)
Who should screen: Individuals with hepatitis B or C, fatty liver disease, or cirrhosis
Screening tests:
Genome Testing For Cancer
Cancer screening has progressed beyond age-based imaging and routine laboratory investigations. Genomic testing plays a critical role in identifying inherited cancer risk, enabling early intervention and personalised surveillance. “By analysing specific genetic alterations linked to cancer susceptibility, clinicians can move from a reactive approach to a preventive, risk-based screening strategy," shares Dr Kunal Sehgal, Managing Director and Chief Pathologist, Neuberg Sehgal Path Lab
Breast cancer screening recommendations differ for women, especially for those who have an increased genetic risk. For example, in healthy individuals without a known pathogenic genetic mutation or significant family history, standard population-based screening guidelines apply: women may choose to begin annual mammography between 40 and 44 years of age, should undergo yearly screening from 45 to 54 years, and at 55 years and older may continue annual screening.
In contrast, approximately 5–10% of breast cancer cases are hereditary and result from pathogenic germline mutations inherited from a parent. So these women should consider germline genetic testing and screening, often beginning around 25 years of age. Identification of pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, or other hereditary cancer genes indicates a substantially increased lifetime cancer risk and directly impacts screening strategy.
Patients with early-onset colorectal cancer or strong family history should be evaluated for hereditary syndromes such as Lynch syndrome and FAP, using genomic testing of MMR genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM) and APC, with surveillance starting as early as 20–25 years to reduce advanced disease risk.
Cervical and other gynaecological cancers are largely caused by persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes. DNA-based HPV testing with precise genotyping helps identify individuals at higher cancer risk. For prostate cancer, men with BRCA1/2 mutations should undergo annual PSA-based screening starting at age 40. Screening can be supplemented with a baseline MRI by age 50 or earlier based on family history.
Along the same line of reasoning, genomic evaluation in lung and other solid tumours can reveal inherited susceptibilities as well as clinically significant molecular alterations that are in line with early detection strategies.
The integration of genomic testing into cancer screening enables diagnostics to break away from conventional, one-size-fits-all protocols. Used correctly, it helps to clarify the individual’s risk, determine the appropriate screening frequency, and facilitate timely, well-informed clinical decision making.
Source: News18
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