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Men Can Get Breast Cancer Too: Understanding Male Breast Cancer
Men Can Get Breast Cancer Too: Understanding Male Breast Cancer
When it comes to breast cancer, awareness campaigns and conversations overwhelmingly focus on women and rightly so. Yet, breast cancer is not exclusive to women. Men, too, have breast tissue and, although rare, can develop this disease. Accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer cases worldwide, male breast cancer is a silent yet serious condition that often goes unnoticed until it reaches an advanced stage.
A Rare but Real Concern
“While male breast cancer remains rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases worldwide, it's a silent reality that demands our attention," says Dr. Poovamma C.U., Head of Department, Breast Oncology and Oncoplasty, Aster International Institute of Oncology, Aster CMI Hospital.
She adds that in India, awareness lags even further. “Over the years, we've seen only a handful of these cases annually, often in men over 60 with risk factors like BRCA mutations, obesity, or a family history. Symptoms such as a painless lump or nipple discharge are frequently dismissed as benign, leading to late-stage diagnoses that mirror the challenges we face with women under 50."
How It Presents and Why It's Missed
According to Dr Satish Rao, Senior Oncosurgeon, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai, “The common presentation of male breast cancer is a lump on the anterior chest wall, a sudden increase in the size or hardness of a gynaecomastia, blood-stained nipple discharge, or retraction of the nipple and areola."
He explains that these early signs are often ignored or misinterpreted. “A biopsy with immunohistochemistry helps confirm diagnosis and plan treatment, while a PET-CT scan helps in staging the disease," he says.
Dr. Rao notes that these cancers are often more aggressive than their female counterparts, and because men have less breast tissue, tumors can spread to surrounding structures more quickly. This makes early detection crucial yet social stigma and lack of awareness continue to delay diagnosis.
Understanding Risks and Prevention
Experts agree that risk factors for male breast cancer include genetics, obesity, hormonal imbalance, and a sedentary lifestyle. “Obesity and physical inactivity are considered major risk factors," says Dr. Rao. “Regular exercise helps reduce the risk of male breast cancer by changing the microenvironment in fat cells and improving metabolic balance."
Dr. Poovamma adds that open dialogue and preventive health check-ups are vital: “It is important for men to discuss their risks with their doctors rather than ignore changes. Awareness is lifesaving. It's time to destigmatize this conversation for everyone."
Treatment and Survival Rates
Treatment for male breast cancer closely mirrors that of female breast cancer. “Their treatment protocols mastectomy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy such as tamoxifen, and targeted options are similar," explains Dr. Poovamma. “Stage for stage, outcomes remain comparable, though we still lack male-specific trials. For early stages, survival nears 100%, yet it drops sharply by about 30% for Stage III, underscoring the importance of prompt evaluation."
Dr. Rao elaborates on surgical approaches: “Treatment usually involves a mastectomy, which means removing the breast tissue and fascia over the chest wall. Conservative breast surgery is rare. Axillary dissection either sentinel node biopsy or complete nodal clearance is performed to check for spread. Since most male breast cancers are hormone-sensitive, hormonal treatment in the form of tablets is prescribed in suitable cases. Radiation to the chest wall is generally given, except in very early-stage disease where a complete mastectomy is done. Chemotherapy is used in selected early cases, locally advanced cancers, and metastatic settings."
He adds, “In advanced male breast cancer where the disease has spread to other organs, treatment is usually palliative aimed at pain relief and improving quality of life."
Breaking the Silence
Both doctors emphasize that awareness is the first step toward prevention and timely treatment. Male breast cancer is not a gendered disease; it is a biological one. Addressing it openly without embarrassment or delay could save lives.
“Late diagnosis," Dr. Poovamma concludes, “is not due to lack of treatment but lack of conversation. Men must understand that noticing a lump or discharge isn't shameful, it's responsible. The sooner they seek help, the better their chances of full recovery."
Key Takeaway
Male breast cancer may be rare, but it is not imaginary. Regular self-examination, awareness of family history, maintaining a healthy weight, and prompt medical attention for any unusual breast changes are vital. Early detection saves lives and the conversation around it must include men, too.
Source: News18
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